10 octobre 2007
Le désert du Thar (Inde) : un potentiel solaire colossal !
Voici une réflexion d'une grande richesse de Nitin Phansalkar, Inde :
" (...) In order to maximize the power output, the plant must be located at a place that receives a "plenty" of sun throughout the year. One such place in India is Thar Desert in west Rajasthan. Following characteristics of Thar Desert make it an ideal location for a solar thermal power plant (STPP) :
1. Area: 2.34 million km2
2. Solar Intensity: approx 6 kWh/m2/day
3. Sun Availability: 345-355 days in a year
4. Rains occur only for 10-20 days in a year
There are a few "Strategic Advantages" that Thar Desert presents, which would make it a NexGen Powerhouse of India. These are as follows :
(1) Strategic Location:
- South Boundary of Thar Desert : Arabian Sea is just 80-90 kms away and hence a STPP located at the south boundary can double-up as a water desalination plant also providing clean water to local people. Gujarat industrial cluster is also very near from the south boundary and hence the power generated can act as a peak power to these industrial units at a reasonable rate.
- North-East Boundary of Thar Desert : Power hungry states of Punjab, Haryana and Delhi can get peak power especially during hot summers with a STPP located nearby.
(2) As it is a desert, it is scantly populated and most of the land is government owned and hence land acquisition, relocation of local people and associated issues will be minimal.
(3) The local people live a tough life as the land is arid and there is no industry. These local people can get a means of livelihood in constructing and maintaining the STPP. STPP will usher-in an era of all round development in this area.
Initially, the STPPs would provide only "Peak-hour Power" i.e. only during daytime when solar energy is available. Later on, when the cost is reduced, the solar energy storage (in the form of say molten salts) can be built to provide power after sunset. (...) "
Suite : http://www.scribd.com/doc/335179/Thar-Desert-The-NextGen-Powerhouse-of-India
Pays qui disposent de sites excellents pour le CSP (solaire à concentration) : USA, Mexique, Brésil, Argentine, Chili
Algérie, Lybie, Egypte, Soudan, Tchad, Niger, Namibie, Angola, Zimbabwe, Botswana, Zambie
Arabie Saoudite, Emirats arabes Unis, Oman, Jordanie, Iran, Afghanistan
Australie
Pays qui ne disposent pas de sites excellents mais de sites très bons : Bolivie, Pérou
Maroc, Sahara occidental, Mauritanie, Sénégal, Burkina-Faso, Mali, Ethiopie, Erythrée, Djibouti, Afrique du sud, Tanzanie, Mozambique, RDC
Yemen, Qatar, Irak, Koweit, Pakistan, Inde, Ouzbekistan, Tadjikistan, Turkmenistan Chine
Pays qui ne disposent pas de sites très bons mais de sites bons : Honduras, Nicaragua, Guatemala, Bélize, Costa-Rica, Panama, El Salvador, Vénézuela, Colombie, Equateur, Paragay, Uruguay, Cuba, Haïti, Saint-Domingue, Puerto-Rico, Jamaïque
Somalie, Kenya, Rwanda, Burundi, Ouganda, Tunisie, Togo, Gambie, Guinée, Guinnée Bissau, Sierra Leonne Libéria, Ghana, Benin, Côte d'ivoire, Nigéria, Cameroun, Gabon, République du Congo, Republique centre africaine, Seychelles, Madagascar
Portugal, Espagne, France, Italie, Coatie, Monténégro, Albanie, Grèce, Bulgarie, Malte, Chypre
Turquie, Syrie, Liban, Israël, Russie, Nepal, Bhoutan, Birmanie, Bangladesh, Thaïlande, Cambodge, Laos, Vietnam, Malaisie, Indonésie, Bruneï, Papouasie Nouvelle Guinée, Japon, Philipinnes, Corée du sud, Mongolie, Arménie, Georgie, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan
Pays qui ne disposent pas de sites appropriés pour le CSP (mais qui peuvent être alimentés via transfert HVDC ) : Canada
Corée du nord
Nouvelle-Zélande
Surinam, Guyana
Guinée équatoriale
Islande, Grande-Bretagne, Irlande, Pays-Bas, Allemagne, Autriche, Suisse, Pologne, République tchèque, Slovaquie, Roumanie, Hongrie, Ukraine, Biélorussie, Lithuanie, Estonie, Lettonie, Suède, Norvège, Finlande